{ "name": "FusionBenchmark dataset", "attribution": "FusionBenchmark — https://fusionbenchmark.com", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licenceUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "licenceNote": "The compilation, classification and provenance annotations are ours and are CC BY 4.0. Quoted source text remains the property of its publisher and is reproduced as short attributed quotation. Archived third-party pages are NOT redistributed.", "schemaVersion": "https://fusionbenchmark.com/schema/v1/fusionbenchmark.schema.json", "generatedAt": "2026-08-15T11:33:47.946Z", "readThisFirst": { "status": "Every measurement carries a status. `achieved` was measured on a shot. `claimed` is reported but not independently established. `planned` is a target and is PERMANENTLY INELIGIBLE for any ranking. `superseded` has been beaten. Treating planned as achieved is the most common error made with data like this.", "denominators": "There is no `gain` metric. Fusion gain is meaningless without stating what was counted in — NIF shot N221204 is a target gain of 1.5 and a wall-plug gain of 0.0077, same shot. Gain exists only as gain-target, gain-capsule, gain-plasma, gain-equivalent, gain-engineering and gain-wallplug, each carrying numerator and denominator in the metric registry.", "independence": "Source.independence is independent | operator | aggregator | circular | unknown. A company reporting on its own device is `operator`, never `independent`. Repetition is not corroboration.", "verification": "verifiedAt on a record means a human opened the source in that run. provenance.verifiedFields lists which specific fields were checked against the archived capture — a blanket verified/unverified flag is coarser than the truth.", "missing": "Absence is a finding, not an oversight. Nothing here is imputed to make a record look complete. If a field is missing, our source did not state it." }, "glossary": { "$comment": "Terms without a definition are counted but never published — a label the site cannot explain is a classification it has not earned.", "counts": { "total": 240, "defined": 240, "undefined": 0, "withPages": 240, "definedButUnused": 0, "usedButUndefined": 0 }, "bySchemeCounts": [ { "scheme": "metric", "label": "Metrics", "total": 36, "defined": 36 }, { "scheme": "approach", "label": "Technology approaches", "total": 34, "defined": 34 }, { "scheme": "cat", "label": "Categories", "total": 22, "defined": 22 }, { "scheme": "regstage", "label": "Regulatory stages", "total": 15, "defined": 15 }, { "scheme": "role", "label": "Roles", "total": 14, "defined": 14 }, { "scheme": "reltype", "label": "Relationship types", "total": 14, "defined": 14 }, { "scheme": "instr", "label": "Funding instruments", "total": 12, "defined": 12 }, { "scheme": "ptype", "label": "Product types", "total": 11, "defined": 11 }, { "scheme": "status", "label": "Lifecycle status", "total": 11, "defined": 11 }, { "scheme": "fuel", "label": "Fuels", "total": 9, "defined": 9 }, { "scheme": "round", "label": "Funding rounds", "total": 9, "defined": 9 }, { "scheme": "invtype", "label": "Investor types", "total": 9, "defined": 9 }, { "scheme": "license", "label": "Licences", "total": 8, "defined": 8 }, { "scheme": "ftype", "label": "Facility types", "total": 8, "defined": 8 }, { "scheme": "atype", "label": "Assertion types", "total": 7, "defined": 7 }, { "scheme": "pstage", "label": "Product stages", "total": 6, "defined": 6 }, { "scheme": "prog", "label": "Programmes", "total": 6, "defined": 6 }, { "scheme": "mstype", "label": "Milestone types", "total": 5, "defined": 5 }, { "scheme": "sector", "label": "Sectors", "total": 4, "defined": 4 } ], "index": [ { "id": "regstage:application-accepted", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-accepted", "label": "Accepted for review", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The regulator has accepted an application for review — \"docketing\". It means the paperwork is complete enough to examine, and says nothing about whether it will be approved.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:acquired", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-acquired", "label": "Acquired", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Bought by another organisation. The record is retained, with the acquirer named, because history does not stop at acquisition.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "reltype:acquired", "scheme": "reltype", "schemeLabel": "Relationship types", "slug": "reltype-acquired", "label": "Acquired", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Bought another organisation.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "instr:acquisition", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-acquisition", "label": "Acquisition", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Purchase of one organisation by another.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:active", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-active", "label": "Active", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The organisation is trading or operating. This says nothing about whether its technology works — an active company may have built nothing.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 60, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "invtype:angel", "scheme": "invtype", "schemeLabel": "Investor types", "slug": "invtype-angel", "label": "Angel", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "An individual investing personally.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:application-denied", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-denied", "label": "Application denied", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Terminal for that application. Kept visible — denials are as informative as approvals and are routinely omitted from company timelines.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:application-submitted", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-submitted", "label": "Application submitted", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "An application has been filed with the regulator. Filing is not acceptance, review, or approval, and applications are regularly withdrawn.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:application-withdrawn", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-withdrawn", "label": "Application withdrawn", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The applicant withdrew before a decision. Recorded as a first-class outcome — withdrawals and denials disappear from most trackers, which biases every remaining figure.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "prog:arpa-e", "scheme": "prog", "schemeLabel": "Programmes", "slug": "prog-arpa-e", "label": "ARPA-E", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "US advanced research agency for energy, funding high-risk work including several fusion concepts.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:beam-target", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-beam-target", "label": "Beam-target", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Net-energy-incapable by construction, but commercially relevant for neutron and isotope production.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:fusion", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 3, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:bwr", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-bwr", "label": "Boiling water reactor", "shortLabel": "BWR", "definition": "Water boils directly in the core and the steam drives the turbine — one loop instead of two, simpler but with an activated steam circuit.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:water-cooled", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:blanket", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-blanket", "label": "Breeding blanket", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The breeding blanket, which absorbs neutrons to make tritium and capture heat. No commercial-scale blanket has ever operated, and without one D-T fusion has no fuel supply.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:plasma-facing", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "round:bridge", "scheme": "round", "schemeLabel": "Funding rounds", "slug": "round-bridge", "label": "Bridge", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Short-term financing between rounds. Frequently a signal about timing rather than about progress.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:cancelled", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-cancelled", "label": "Cancelled", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Abandoned before completion. A first-class outcome in this dataset, not an absence of one.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:capacity-factor", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-capacity-factor", "label": "Capacity factor", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Energy actually generated as a fraction of what continuous full-power operation would give. The number that separates a plant that runs from a plant that exists.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "%", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:gain-capsule", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-gain-capsule", "label": "Capsule gain", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fusion energy divided by energy absorbed by the fuel capsule. Always larger than target gain — quoting it as 'the' gain overstates performance.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": "Total fusion energy yield", "denominator": "Energy absorbed by the capsule", "canonicalUnit": "1", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "license:cc-by", "scheme": "license", "schemeLabel": "Licences", "slug": "license-cc-by", "label": "CC BY", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Attribution required — populate attribution or the gate fails.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "license:cc-by-sa", "scheme": "license", "schemeLabel": "Licences", "slug": "license-cc-by-sa", "label": "CC BY-SA", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike: reusable with credit, but derivatives must carry the same licence — which is why it is tracked separately from CC BY.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "reltype:collaborates-with", "scheme": "reltype", "schemeLabel": "Relationship types", "slug": "reltype-collaborates-with", "label": "Collaborates with", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Works jointly on research or development, typically without a commercial contract.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "pstage:commercial", "scheme": "pstage", "schemeLabel": "Product stages", "slug": "pstage-commercial", "label": "Commercial", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Sold and deployed to customers.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "mstype:commercial", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-commercial", "label": "Commercial", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A market event: a contract, an offtake, a first sale.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "regstage:commercial-operation", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-commercial-operation", "label": "Commercial operation", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Declared commercially operational, after commissioning tests are complete. The end of the regulatory sequence and the start of the economic one.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:commissioning", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-commissioning", "label": "Commissioning", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Built, and being brought into operation. Between construction and operating, and frequently the longest phase.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "ptype:component", "scheme": "ptype", "schemeLabel": "Product types", "slug": "ptype-component", "label": "Component", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A discrete part supplied into someone else’s system: a magnet, a valve, a vacuum vessel.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "pstage:concept", "scheme": "pstage", "schemeLabel": "Product stages", "slug": "pstage-concept", "label": "Concept", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Described on paper. No hardware exists.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "role:consortium", "scheme": "role", "schemeLabel": "Roles", "slug": "role-consortium", "label": "Consortium", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A multi-party body pooling funding or facilities across organisations or states — ITER being the largest example.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 9, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "mstype:construction", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-construction", "label": "Construction", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A physical build milestone — first concrete, module delivery, vessel installation.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:construction-permit-issued", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-construction-permit-issued", "label": "Construction permit issued", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The regulator has authorised construction at a named site. The strongest pre-construction stage, and distinct from design approval, which is site-independent.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:construction-start", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-construction-start", "label": "Construction start", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Physical construction has begun. Distinct from holding a permit that allows it.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:convertible", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-convertible", "label": "Convertible note or SAFE", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A loan that may convert to equity later. Neither purely debt nor equity until it converts.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:core-outlet-temperature", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-core-outlet-temperature", "label": "Core outlet temperature", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Sets which industrial heat applications a design can serve.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "degC", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "invtype:corporate-vc", "scheme": "invtype", "schemeLabel": "Investor types", "slug": "invtype-corporate-vc", "label": "Corporate venture", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A corporate investment arm, typically with strategic as well as financial motives.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "invtype:crossover", "scheme": "invtype", "schemeLabel": "Investor types", "slug": "invtype-crossover", "label": "Crossover or public-market fund", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A public-markets investor buying into private rounds, usually late and often ahead of a listing.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:cryogenics", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-cryogenics", "label": "Cryogenics", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Cooling to superconducting temperatures, and the plant that sustains it. Superconducting magnets are only an advantage if the cryoplant works.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:cumulative-funding", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-cumulative-funding", "label": "Cumulative funding raised", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "DERIVED by summing deals — never hand-entered. This is what makes '$65M+' and '~$8.94M across 3 rounds' impossible to write down.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "USD", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "reltype:customer-of", "scheme": "reltype", "schemeLabel": "Relationship types", "slug": "reltype-customer-of", "label": "Customer of", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Buys from another organisation.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:debt", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-debt", "label": "Debt", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Borrowed money, repayable with interest.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:decommissioned", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-decommissioned", "label": "Decommissioned", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Permanently shut down and being dismantled.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:defunct", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-defunct", "label": "Defunct", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Ceased to exist. The record stays: a directory that quietly deletes failures overstates the sector’s success rate.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:design-approval", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-design-approval", "label": "Design approval or certification", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The regulator has approved or certified a design. This is NOT permission to build: a site licence or construction permit is a separate and additional step. Coverage describing design approval as \"approved to build\" is the most common regulatory error in this sector.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "fuel:d-d", "scheme": "fuel", "schemeLabel": "Fuels", "slug": "fuel-d-d", "label": "Deuterium–deuterium", "shortLabel": "D-D", "definition": "Deuterium only. Needs far higher temperature than D-T but the fuel is abundant in seawater and no tritium breeding is required.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 10, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "fuel:d-he3", "scheme": "fuel", "schemeLabel": "Fuels", "slug": "fuel-d-he3", "label": "Deuterium–helium-3", "shortLabel": "D-³He", "definition": "Deuterium with helium-3. Most energy released as charged particles rather than neutrons, which allows direct electrical conversion — but helium-3 is vanishingly scarce on Earth.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "fuel:d-t", "scheme": "fuel", "schemeLabel": "Fuels", "slug": "fuel-d-t", "label": "Deuterium–tritium", "shortLabel": "D-T", "definition": "Lowest ignition threshold; 80% of energy in 14.1 MeV neutrons. The reference fuel for every near-term net-gain claim.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 40, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "invtype:development-bank", "scheme": "invtype", "schemeLabel": "Investor types", "slug": "invtype-development-bank", "label": "Development bank", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A multilateral or national development institution lending against policy goals.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:diagnostics", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-diagnostics", "label": "Diagnostics", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Instruments that measure what the plasma is doing. Every number in this benchmark exists because a diagnostic produced it.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "atype:diagram", "scheme": "atype", "schemeLabel": "Assertion types", "slug": "atype-diagram", "label": "Diagram or schematic", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A technical drawing or schematic.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "pstage:discontinued", "scheme": "pstage", "schemeLabel": "Product stages", "slug": "pstage-discontinued", "label": "Discontinued", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "No longer developed or offered. Kept in the record rather than deleted.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:divertor", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-divertor", "label": "Divertor", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The component that exhausts heat and helium ash from the plasma edge. Steady-state heat fluxes there rival a rocket nozzle.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:plasma-facing", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "prog:doe-milestone-based-fusion", "scheme": "prog", "schemeLabel": "Programmes", "slug": "prog-doe-milestone-based-fusion", "label": "DOE Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "US Department of Energy programme paying private fusion developers on delivery of agreed technical milestones rather than up front.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:electron-temperature", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-electron-temperature", "label": "Electron temperature", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Electron temperature. Distinct from ion temperature and usually lower in the plasmas that matter here; fusion rate depends on the ions, so quoting electron temperature as \"the\" temperature overstates nothing but answers a different question.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "keV", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:electrostatic", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-electrostatic", "label": "Electrostatic confinement", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Confinement by electric rather than magnetic fields.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:fusion", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "reltype:employs", "scheme": "reltype", "schemeLabel": "Relationship types", "slug": "reltype-employs", "label": "Employs", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Employs a named person.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:energy-confinement-time", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-energy-confinement-time", "label": "Energy confinement time (τ_E)", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "How long the plasma retains its energy (τ_E) — stored energy divided by heating power. NOT the length of the discharge: a machine can hold a plasma for 1,000 seconds with a confinement time of a fraction of a second, and conflating the two is one of the most common errors in coverage.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "s", "useCount": 22, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "ptype:energy-offtake", "scheme": "ptype", "schemeLabel": "Product types", "slug": "ptype-energy-offtake", "label": "Energy offtake", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A contract to buy future output. The buyer is taking a position on a plant existing, which is why offtakes are tracked as deals rather than as revenue.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:gain-engineering", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-gain-engineering", "label": "Engineering gain (Q_eng)", "shortLabel": "Q_eng", "definition": "Net electrical output divided by total electrical input, recirculating power included. No device has exceeded zero.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": "Gross electrical output", "denominator": "Total electrical input including all plant recirculating power", "canonicalUnit": "1", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:enrichment", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-enrichment", "label": "Enrichment", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Raising the fissile fraction of uranium. The chokepoint of the fission fuel cycle, and the step with the heaviest non-proliferation constraints.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "ftype:enrichment-plant", "scheme": "ftype", "schemeLabel": "Facility types", "slug": "ftype-enrichment-plant", "label": "Enrichment plant", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A facility that raises the fissile fraction of uranium.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:equity-round", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-equity-round", "label": "Equity round", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Capital raised in exchange for ownership. The only instrument that dilutes existing holders, and the one most often reported as \"raised\".", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:gain-equivalent", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-gain-equivalent", "label": "Equivalent D-T gain (extrapolated)", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Gain a D-D or D-³He shot WOULD have reached had it run on D-T. A calculation, never a measurement. Requires conditions.isSimulated = true and is excluded from achieved leaderboards.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": "Modelled D-T fusion power", "denominator": "External heating power coupled into the plasma", "canonicalUnit": "1", "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "prog:eurofusion", "scheme": "prog", "schemeLabel": "Programmes", "slug": "prog-eurofusion", "label": "EUROfusion", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The European consortium coordinating fusion research across member states, and the operator of record for JET.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "atype:facility-photo", "scheme": "atype", "schemeLabel": "Assertion types", "slug": "atype-facility-photo", "label": "Facility photograph", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A photograph of a plant, device or site.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "license:fair-dealing-identification", "scheme": "license", "schemeLabel": "Licences", "slug": "license-fair-dealing-identification", "label": "Fair dealing — identification", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A third party's copyrighted image shown at reduced size to identify what an organisation makes, with attribution and a link to the source. Weaker than trademark-nominative use, which covers logos: a mark may be reproduced to name its owner, whereas a product photograph is a creative work and its use rests on fair dealing or fair use. Recorded distinctly so these can be found and removed on request.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "invtype:family-office", "scheme": "invtype", "schemeLabel": "Investor types", "slug": "invtype-family-office", "label": "Family office", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Private capital managed for one family. Often the earliest and most patient money in this sector.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:frc", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-frc", "label": "Field-reversed configuration", "shortLabel": "FRC", "definition": "A self-organised plasma ring that generates its own confining field, with no central coil. Compact and high-beta, but stability over long timescales is the open question.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:magnetic-confinement", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "mstype:financial", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-financial", "label": "Financial", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A funding or corporate-finance event.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:first-criticality", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-first-criticality", "label": "First criticality", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The reactor first sustained a chain reaction — the moment a design becomes an operating plant.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "sector:fission", "scheme": "sector", "schemeLabel": "Sectors", "slug": "sector-fission", "label": "Fission", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Advanced and small modular fission reactor developers, plus established reactor vendors.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 60, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "approach:fission", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-fission", "label": "Fission", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Energy released by splitting heavy nuclei. Every operating nuclear power station works this way; every fusion device in this dataset does not.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "approach:fhr", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-fhr", "label": "Fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor", "shortLabel": "FHR", "definition": "Molten salt COOLANT with solid fuel, typically TRISO. Kairos Power's KP-FHR is the reference example. Added in wave w001 after the original vocabulary forced it into approach:molten-salt, which was wrong.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:salt-based", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "ptype:fuel", "scheme": "ptype", "schemeLabel": "Product types", "slug": "ptype-fuel", "label": "Fuel", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fuel as a product: TRISO pebbles, fuel assemblies, tritium, deuterium.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "sector:fuel-cycle", "scheme": "sector", "schemeLabel": "Sectors", "slug": "sector-fuel-cycle", "label": "Fuel cycle", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Mining, conversion, enrichment, fabrication, reprocessing, waste and tritium supply.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 22, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:fuel-enrichment", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-fuel-enrichment", "label": "Fuel enrichment", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Percentage of fissile isotope in the fuel. Above 5% and up to 20% is HALEU, which most advanced designs need and for which Western supply is currently thin.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "%", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "ftype:fuel-fabrication", "scheme": "ftype", "schemeLabel": "Facility types", "slug": "ftype-fuel-fabrication", "label": "Fuel fabrication plant", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A facility that manufactures reactor fuel.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:fuel-load", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-fuel-load", "label": "Fuel load", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fuel loaded into the reactor for the first time. Irreversible in practice: the plant is radioactive from here on.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "sector:fusion", "scheme": "sector", "schemeLabel": "Sectors", "slug": "sector-fusion", "label": "Fusion", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Organizations pursuing energy from nuclear fusion, and their dedicated supply chain.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 60, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "approach:fusion", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-fusion", "label": "Fusion", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Umbrella term used only where a record’s specific confinement approach is not established by evidence. A narrower term is always preferred when the sources support one.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 34, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "role:fusion-developer", "scheme": "role", "schemeLabel": "Roles", "slug": "role-fusion-developer", "label": "Fusion developer", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Develops a fusion device or power plant concept. Carries no implication that the device exists or works.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 56, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "ftype:fusion-device", "scheme": "ftype", "schemeLabel": "Facility types", "slug": "ftype-fusion-device", "label": "Fusion device", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "An experimental machine that confines plasma for fusion research — tokamaks, stellarators, mirrors, pinches. Laser and pulsed-power drivers are ftype:laser-facility instead.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 60, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:fusion-energy-yield", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-fusion-energy-yield", "label": "Fusion energy yield", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Total fusion energy released in one shot or pulse. A numerator only — on its own it says nothing about the energy required to produce it. See gain.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "MJ", "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:fusion-power", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-fusion-power", "label": "Fusion power", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Thermal power released by fusion reactions. A rate, not a total; the total released in one pulse is fusion energy yield.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "MW", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:triple-product", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-triple-product", "label": "Fusion triple product (nTτ_E)", "shortLabel": "nTτ", "definition": "Density × ion temperature × energy confinement time. The fairest single comparator across confinement approaches.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "1e21 m^-3 keV s", "useCount": 23, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:gas-cooled", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-gas-cooled", "label": "Gas-cooled", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Reactors cooled by gas — usually helium or carbon dioxide — allowing higher outlet temperatures than water.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:fission", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "invtype:government-agency", "scheme": "invtype", "schemeLabel": "Investor types", "slug": "invtype-government-agency", "label": "Government agency", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A public body deploying public money, usually against policy objectives rather than returns.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "role:government-programme", "scheme": "role", "schemeLabel": "Roles", "slug": "role-government-programme", "label": "Government programme", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A state programme rather than a company: the funder, operator or coordinator of a national effort.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 7, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:grant", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-grant", "label": "Grant", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Non-dilutive money that need not be repaid, usually public. Adding grants to equity and calling the sum \"total raised\" is the most common error in fusion funding figures.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:grid-connection", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-grid-connection", "label": "Grid connection", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "First delivery of electricity to the grid. Frequently reported as \"operational\", though full commercial operation usually follows months later.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "round:growth", "scheme": "round", "schemeLabel": "Funding rounds", "slug": "round-growth", "label": "Growth", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Large round raised outside the lettered sequence, often from crossover or strategic investors.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:gyrotron", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-gyrotron", "label": "Gyrotron", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "High-power microwave sources for electron-cyclotron heating. A specialist supply chain with very few vendors worldwide.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:heating-current-drive", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:headcount", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-headcount", "label": "Headcount", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Employees. A rough proxy for scale, and one of the few figures a private company reliably discloses.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "persons", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "atype:headshot", "scheme": "atype", "schemeLabel": "Assertion types", "slug": "atype-headshot", "label": "Headshot", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A photograph of a person.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:heat-pipe", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-heat-pipe", "label": "Heat-pipe microreactor", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Heat moved by sealed heat pipes rather than pumped coolant. No primary pumps and no coolant loop, which suits very small transportable reactors.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:fission", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:heating-current-drive", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-heating-current-drive", "label": "Heating and current drive", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Systems that heat the plasma and drive current in it — microwaves, neutral beams, radiofrequency.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:icf-heavy-ion", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-icf-heavy-ion", "label": "Heavy-ion ICF", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Heavy ion beams rather than lasers deliver the compression energy. Accelerators are efficient and repeat readily, which lasers of this scale do not.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:inertial-confinement", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "fuel:haleu", "scheme": "fuel", "schemeLabel": "Fuels", "slug": "fuel-haleu", "label": "High-assay low-enriched uranium", "shortLabel": "HALEU", "definition": "5–20% U-235. The binding supply constraint for most advanced reactor designs.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 15, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "approach:htgr", "scheme": "approach", "schemeLabel": "Technology approaches", "slug": "approach-htgr", "label": "High-temperature gas-cooled reactor", "shortLabel": "HTGR", "definition": "Helium-cooled and graphite-moderated, running far hotter than a water reactor. The high outlet temperature suits industrial process heat as well as electricity.", "aliases": [], "broader": "approach:gas-cooled", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 7, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:hts-tape", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-hts-tape", "label": "HTS tape", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "REBCO and related high-temperature superconducting tape. The binding supply constraint for high-field tokamak programmes.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:magnets", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:hts-critical-current", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-hts-critical-current", "label": "HTS tape critical current", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Meaningless without conditions — record temperature and applied field in conditions.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "A", "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:targets", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-targets", "label": "ICF targets", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fuel capsules for inertial confinement. 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No device has exceeded zero.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": "Gross electrical output", "denominator": "Total electrical input including all plant recirculating power", "canonicalUnit": "1", "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:gain-wallplug", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-gain-wallplug", "label": "Wall-plug gain", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fusion energy released divided by total facility energy drawn from the grid for the shot. The number that is almost never quoted, and typically two to three orders of magnitude below target gain.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": "Total fusion energy yield", "denominator": "Total facility grid energy drawn for the shot", "canonicalUnit": "1", "usedBy": [ { "kind": "measurement", "name": "National Ignition Facility", "slug": "national-ignition-facility" } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:triple-product", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-triple-product", "label": "Fusion triple product (nTτ_E)", "shortLabel": "nTτ", "definition": "Density × ion temperature × energy confinement time. 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Distinct from confinement time, and routinely confused with it in press coverage.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "s", "usedBy": [ { "kind": "measurement", "name": "ADITYA-U", "slug": "aditya-u" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "ALVAND", "slug": "alvand" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "ASDEX UPGRADE", "slug": "asdex-upgrade" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "COMPASS-U", "slug": "compass-u" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "DAMAVAND", "slug": "damavand" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "DIII-D", "slug": "diii-d" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "DTT", "slug": "dtt" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak", "slug": "east" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "EGYPTOR", "slug": "egyptor" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "ETE", "slug": "ete" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "EXL-50", "slug": "exl-50" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "FTU", "slug": "ftu" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "GLAST-III", "slug": "glast-iii" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "GOLEM", "slug": "golem" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "HL-2A", "slug": "hl-2a" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "HL-2M", "slug": "hl-2m" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "HYBTOK-II", "slug": "hybtok-ii" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "IR-T1", "slug": "ir-t1" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "ITER", "slug": "iter" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "J-TEXT", "slug": "j-text" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "Joint European Torus", "slug": "joint-european-torus" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "JT-60SA", "slug": "jt-60sa" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "KSTAR", "slug": "kstar" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "KTM", "slug": "ktm" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "MAST-U", "slug": "mast-u" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "MEDUSA-CR", "slug": "medusa-cr" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "MT-1", "slug": "mt-1" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "NOVA-FURG", "slug": "nova-furg" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "NSTX-U", "slug": "nstx-u" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "PHIX", "slug": "phix" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "PLATO", "slug": "plato" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "SMART", "slug": "smart" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "SST-1", "slug": "sst-1" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "ST40", "slug": "st40" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "STOR-M", "slug": "stor-m" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "SUNIST-1", "slug": "sunist-1" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "T-11M", "slug": "t-11m" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "T-15MD", "slug": "t-15md" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "TCABR", "slug": "tcabr" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "TORIX", "slug": "torix" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "TST-2", "slug": "tst-2" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "TUMAN-3M", "slug": "tuman-3m" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "UTST", "slug": "utst" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "Wendelstein 7-X", "slug": "wendelstein-7-x" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "WEST", "slug": "west" } ], "useCount": 45, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:fusion-energy-yield", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-fusion-energy-yield", "label": "Fusion energy yield", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Total fusion energy released in one shot or pulse. A numerator only — on its own it says nothing about the energy required to produce it. See gain.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "MJ", "usedBy": [ { "kind": "measurement", "name": "Joint European Torus", "slug": "joint-european-torus" }, { "kind": "measurement", "name": "National Ignition Facility", "slug": "national-ignition-facility" } ], "useCount": 2, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:fusion-power", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-fusion-power", "label": "Fusion power", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Thermal power released by fusion reactions. A rate, not a total; the total released in one pulse is fusion energy yield.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "MW", "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:neutron-yield", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-neutron-yield", "label": "Neutron yield per shot", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Neutrons produced per shot. 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Roughly three times the electrical capacity for a steam-cycle plant; quoting thermal figures where a reader expects electrical inflates the number without stating an untruth.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "MW", "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:fuel-enrichment", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-fuel-enrichment", "label": "Fuel enrichment", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Percentage of fissile isotope in the fuel. 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Widely quoted because it is flattering: real projects pay interest for a decade of construction, and that is where nuclear economics is usually decided.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "USD/kW", "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:lcoe", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-lcoe", "label": "Levelised cost of energy", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Levelised cost of energy — lifetime cost divided by lifetime output. Highly sensitive to discount rate, capacity factor and build time, so two LCOE figures are rarely comparable unless all three assumptions are stated.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": "USD/MWh", "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "metric:headcount", "scheme": "metric", "schemeLabel": "Metrics", "slug": "metric-headcount", "label": "Headcount", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Employees. 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The binding supply constraint for high-field tokamak programmes.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:magnets", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:cryogenics", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-cryogenics", "label": "Cryogenics", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Cooling to superconducting temperatures, and the plant that sustains it. Superconducting magnets are only an advantage if the cryoplant works.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:vacuum", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-vacuum", "label": "Vacuum systems", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Vacuum vessels, pumps and seals. 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A specialist supply chain with very few vendors worldwide.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:heating-current-drive", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:neutral-beam", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-neutral-beam", "label": "Neutral beam injector", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Injectors that heat plasma by firing energetic neutral atoms into it, which cross the magnetic field because they carry no charge.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:heating-current-drive", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:lasers", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-lasers", "label": "Lasers and optics", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Laser drivers and optics. For inertial confinement the laser IS the machine, and its wall-plug efficiency sets the ceiling on any plant.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:targets", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-targets", "label": "ICF targets", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fuel capsules for inertial confinement. A power plant would need several a second; the current world supply is measured in hundreds a year.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:plasma-facing", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-plasma-facing", "label": "Plasma-facing components", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Components that face the plasma directly and take the heat and particle flux — the hardest materials problem in fusion.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:divertor", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-divertor", "label": "Divertor", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The component that exhausts heat and helium ash from the plasma edge. Steady-state heat fluxes there rival a rocket nozzle.", "aliases": [], "broader": "cat:plasma-facing", "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:blanket", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-blanket", "label": "Breeding blanket", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The breeding blanket, which absorbs neutrons to make tritium and capture heat. 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The chokepoint of the fission fuel cycle, and the step with the heaviest non-proliferation constraints.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "cat:triso-fuel", "scheme": "cat", "schemeLabel": "Categories", "slug": "cat-triso-fuel", "label": "TRISO fuel", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Tri-structural isotropic fuel: fissile kernels in ceramic coatings that retain fission products at high temperature. 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The record is kept rather than deleted — the history is part of the evidence.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "facility", "name": "T-3", "slug": "t-3" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "ST", "slug": "st-princeton" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "TFR", "slug": "tfr" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "PLT", "slug": "plt" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "Alcator A", "slug": "alcator-a" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "Alcator C", "slug": "alcator-c" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "ASDEX", "slug": "asdex" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "START", "slug": "start" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "MAST", "slug": "mast" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "NSTX", "slug": "nstx" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "C-Mod", "slug": "c-mod" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "Joint European Torus", "slug": "joint-european-torus" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "JT-60U", "slug": "jt-60u" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor", "slug": "tftr" } ], "useCount": 14, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:decommissioned", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-decommissioned", "label": "Decommissioned", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Permanently shut down and being dismantled.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:planned", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-planned", "label": "Planned", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Announced or designed, but not under construction. Permanently ineligible for achievement leaderboards: a target is not a result.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "facility", "name": "PLATO", "slug": "plato" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "PST", "slug": "pst" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "SMART", "slug": "smart" }, { "kind": "facility", "name": "CFQS", "slug": "cfqs" } ], "useCount": 4, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "status:cancelled", "scheme": "status", "schemeLabel": "Lifecycle status", "slug": "status-cancelled", "label": "Cancelled", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Abandoned before completion. A first-class outcome in this dataset, not an absence of one.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:pre-application", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-pre-application", "label": "Pre-application engagement", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Talking to the regulator before filing anything. No application exists. Coverage describing this as engagement with the regulator is accurate; describing it as progress toward approval is not.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:application-submitted", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-submitted", "label": "Application submitted", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "An application has been filed with the regulator. 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It means the paperwork is complete enough to examine, and says nothing about whether it will be approved.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:safety-review-complete", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-safety-review-complete", "label": "Safety review complete", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The regulator has finished its technical safety evaluation. A major milestone, and still not permission to build.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:design-approval", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-design-approval", "label": "Design approval or certification", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The regulator has approved or certified a design. This is NOT permission to build: a site licence or construction permit is a separate and additional step. 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The strongest pre-construction stage, and distinct from design approval, which is site-independent.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "milestone", "name": "Kairos Power", "slug": "kairos-power" } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:construction-start", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-construction-start", "label": "Construction start", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Physical construction has begun. Distinct from holding a permit that allows it.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:operating-licence-submitted", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-operating-licence-submitted", "label": "Operating licence submitted", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "An application to operate has been filed, typically after construction is under way.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:operating-licence-issued", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-operating-licence-issued", "label": "Operating licence issued", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Permission to operate granted. The point at which a built plant may actually run.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:fuel-load", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-fuel-load", "label": "Fuel load", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Fuel loaded into the reactor for the first time. Irreversible in practice: the plant is radioactive from here on.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:first-criticality", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-first-criticality", "label": "First criticality", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The reactor first sustained a chain reaction — the moment a design becomes an operating plant.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "milestone", "name": "Oklo", "slug": "oklo" } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:grid-connection", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-grid-connection", "label": "Grid connection", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "First delivery of electricity to the grid. Frequently reported as \"operational\", though full commercial operation usually follows months later.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:commercial-operation", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-commercial-operation", "label": "Commercial operation", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Declared commercially operational, after commissioning tests are complete. The end of the regulatory sequence and the start of the economic one.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:application-denied", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-denied", "label": "Application denied", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Terminal for that application. Kept visible — denials are as informative as approvals and are routinely omitted from company timelines.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "milestone", "name": "Oklo", "slug": "oklo" } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "regstage:application-withdrawn", "scheme": "regstage", "schemeLabel": "Regulatory stages", "slug": "regstage-application-withdrawn", "label": "Application withdrawn", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The applicant withdrew before a decision. Recorded as a first-class outcome — withdrawals and denials disappear from most trackers, which biases every remaining figure.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "mstype:technical", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-technical", "label": "Technical", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "An achievement of the machine or the physics.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "mstype:regulatory", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-regulatory", "label": "Regulatory", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A step in a licensing process, decided by a regulator rather than the developer.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "mstype:construction", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-construction", "label": "Construction", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A physical build milestone — first concrete, module delivery, vessel installation.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "mstype:commercial", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-commercial", "label": "Commercial", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A market event: a contract, an offtake, a first sale.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": true }, { "id": "mstype:financial", "scheme": "mstype", "schemeLabel": "Milestone types", "slug": "mstype-financial", "label": "Financial", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A funding or corporate-finance event.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:equity-round", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-equity-round", "label": "Equity round", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Capital raised in exchange for ownership. The only instrument that dilutes existing holders, and the one most often reported as \"raised\".", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "deal", "slug": null } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:grant", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-grant", "label": "Grant", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Non-dilutive money that need not be repaid, usually public. Adding grants to equity and calling the sum \"total raised\" is the most common error in fusion funding figures.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:milestone-award", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-milestone-award", "label": "Milestone-based award", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Paid against delivered technical milestones. The DOE fusion programme's mechanism, and structurally unlike a VC round.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "deal", "slug": null } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:debt", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-debt", "label": "Debt", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Borrowed money, repayable with interest.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:convertible", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-convertible", "label": "Convertible note or SAFE", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "A loan that may convert to equity later. Neither purely debt nor equity until it converts.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:ipo", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-ipo", "label": "IPO", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "First sale of shares to the public.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:spac", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-spac", "label": "SPAC merger", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Listing by merger with a shell company already on an exchange. Faster than an IPO and historically associated with more optimistic projections.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [ { "kind": "deal", "slug": null } ], "useCount": 1, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:acquisition", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-acquisition", "label": "Acquisition", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Purchase of one organisation by another.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "instr:offtake-ppa", "scheme": "instr", "schemeLabel": "Funding instruments", "slug": "instr-offtake-ppa", "label": "Offtake or power purchase agreement", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Commits capacity, not cash. 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"id": "prog:uk-step", "scheme": "prog", "schemeLabel": "Programmes", "slug": "prog-uk-step", "label": "UK STEP", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production: the UK programme to build a prototype fusion power plant at West Burton.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false }, { "id": "prog:nrc-arcap", "scheme": "prog", "schemeLabel": "Programmes", "slug": "prog-nrc-arcap", "label": "NRC Advanced Reactor Content of Application Project", "shortLabel": null, "definition": "The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Advanced Reactor Content of Application Project, defining what an advanced-reactor application must contain.", "aliases": [], "broader": null, "deprecated": false, "replacedBy": null, "numerator": null, "denominator": null, "canonicalUnit": null, "usedBy": [], "useCount": 0, "ambiguous": false } ] } }