CIEMAT

CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas) is Spain's public research centre for energy and the environment, attached to the Ministry of Science. It began in 1948 as the Junta de Investigaciones Atómicas, became the Junta de Energía Nuclear in 1951 and took its present name in 1986. It hosts Spain's National Fusion Laboratory, whose TJ-II is a flexible heliac, a type of stellarator, designed with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Germany's Max Planck Institute of Plasma Physics. TJ-II made its first plasma in 1998 and was still operating in 2024; it is used to study how the magnetic configuration affects heat and particle transport.